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| Titre: | Diversité de l'olivier (Olea europaea L.),les ressources génétiques dans la région de Ouazzane (au Nord du Maroc) : caractérisation en utilisant les descripteurs morphologiques |
| Auteur(s): | Chliyeh,M., Université Ibn Tofail, Faculté des Sciences, Kénitra (Maroc)
Gaboune,F., INRA, Rabat (Ma) centre Régional de la Recherche Agronomique de Rabat
Benkirane,R., Université Ibn Tofail, Faculté des Sciences, Kénitra (Maroc)
Kartas,A., Université Ibn Tofail, Faculté des Sciences, Kénitra (Maroc)
Ouazzani Touhami,A., Université Ibn Tofail, Faculté des Sciences, Kénitra (Maroc)
Douira,A., Université Ibn Tofail, Faculté des Sciences, Kénitra (Maroc) |
| Date de publication: | 2014 |
| Référence bibliographique: | International Journal Of Pure And Applied Bioscience, V.2 (4), p. 10 |
| Résumé: | In this study, 15 morphological descriptors were used to characterize and to determine the genetic diversity of the olive tree in the region of Ouazzane, represented by 21 local and foreign cultivars and suspected clones of Picholine Marocaine and types of oleasters. Relating to the organs, the discriminating potential of the fruit characters was higher than that of the endocarp and leaf characters. The similarity index of Rogers Tanimoto between varieties and the studied local types ranged from a minimum of 56, 66% to a maximum of 100%. Picual individuals of Ouazzane and Mjaara areas are similar for all 15 discriminating characters. The same observation was noted for the Picholine Marocaine individuals' type M6, S1 and S2. The individuals Ascolana tenera of Sidi Bousber and Ouazzane areas are also identical. Traditional varieties (Bouchouk Laghlide, Bouchouk Rkike, Bakhboukh Beldi, Bouchouika and Dahbia) were identified by a distinct phenotype, with a tendency to morphological similarity between the two varieties Bouchouika and Bouchouk Rkike. Similarly, six types of local oleaster have been identified by many different phenotypic characters and the majority showed an interesting oil contents. The individuals Picual OU and Picual MJ, Picholine du Languedoc, Ascolana tenera OU, Ascolana tenera SB, the varieties Cucco, Ascolana dura, Manzanille and Gordal, have proved authentic by comparing their 15 discriminating characters with those described in the literature. Among the types G9, G10 of the Picholine Marocaine in the region of Mjaara, and M1 in the Masmouda region,low morphological variability was observed and are different by the character distribution of the endocarp grooves, grouped around the suture in the first group (M1, G9, G10) and uniform in the second (M6, S1, S2). Thus, we identified two types of Picholine Marocaine (Zitoun El Hor) specific to the region of Mjaara: G9 and G10, a type of Picholine Marocaine (Zitoun Beldi) suitable to the region of Masmouda: M1. Also, six local oleaster types have been identified, these types was BM4, BMM and BMR in the region of Mjaara and those represented by BM2, BM3, and BMK in the Masmouda region.The cluster analysis revealed 6 groups of varieties and local types at agglomeration, with a 75% of similarity. Group I, constituted by local varieties (Bouchouk Laghlide,Bouchouk Rkike,Bouchouika).GroupII includes all types of the Picholine Marocaine variety (M1,M6,G9,G10,S1,S2),the oleaster types (BMK, BMM), the local variety Bakhboukh Beldi, and the foreign variety Gordal. The Group III includes the foreign variety Picual in the regions of Mjaara and Ouazzane. Group IV, formed by Dahbia variety and three foreign varieties (Picholine du Languedoc, Ascolana tenera, Cucco). Group V, contains essentially the oleaster types (BM2 and BM4). The last group VI reassemble together the oleaster types (BM3, BMR) and foreign varieties (Ascolana dura, Manzanille). Most Mediterranean varieties from Spain, Italy, and France, are grouped in the groups IV and VI and the great majority of varieties and the Moroccan local types have a local geographic distribution, are grouped in the groups I and II. This similarity proves possible akin relationships, despite the genetic diversity of the studied material. This is explained by the fact that individuals of each differentlocality are close geographically and genetically and they may have a common origin. These results guarantee to renovate an anxious olive cultivation to preserve and to enhance the existing genetic diversity and the valorization of the typicality of its obtained products. |
| Licence: | http://andzoa.ma/fr |
| URI/URL: | http://localhost:8080/dspace/handle/0/2734 |
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