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| Titre: | Date Palm Micropropagation : some observations on true-to-typness of tissue culture-derived plants |
| Auteur(s): | Anjarne, M., INRA, Marrakech (Maroc) |
| Date de publication: | 2005 |
| Résumé: | Development of oasien ecosystem is hampered by many constraints linked to Bayoud disease, desertification and drought. The use of micropropagation techniques is the best mean that can allow fast reconstitution of destroyed palm groves using suitable plant material. At international level, two techniques can be used for date palm micropropagation: organogenesis or somatic embrogenesis. Organogenesis is based on the regeneration of vegetative buds from the bottom of the young leaves isolated from the offshoot. These buds can be multiplied to give rise to whole date palm plantlets that can be acclimatized and transferred to soil. Neo-formation of first buds occurs directly from meristematic zone around axillary buds. This technology was developed in the Plant Physiology Laboratory at Marrakech INRA Center and already transferred to the Private sector where it allowed the production of more than 350000 plants of more than 30 different varieties and selected clones. Observations on plant development, fruit quality and rnany other morphological characters had shown that vitroplants produced via organogenesis are genetically true to type and show no abnormities. It is however, noted that first fruit bearing occurs after 4 to 8 years depencling on edapho-climatic conditions, water quality ( salinity), availability of irrigation water, Protection from frost and other cultural techniques. It is also shown that vitroplants produce more offshoots than traditional plant material. These offshoots can be rooted and used for further propagation. Somatic embryogenesis is based on callus initiation and regeneration from meristermatic tissues. This callus can be multiplied and produce somatic embryos that germinate and transform into complete plantlets. The use of this technology is easier than organogenesis. However, for many plant species, it is noted that the use of callus is often linked with the apparition somaclonal variations. It is also important to note that protocols used for producing date palm via embryogenesis are different according to laboratories leading to different level of true- to- typness. |
| Licence: | http://andzoa.ma/fr |
| URI/URL: | http://webagris.inra.org.ma/doc/ouvrages/truetype....
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| Collection(s) : | Fonds Documentaire
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