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| Titre: | INTEGRATION OF GROUNDWATER RESOURCES IN WATER MANAGEMENT FOR BETTER SUSTAINABILITY OF THE OASIS ECOSYSTEMS - CASE STUDY OF TAFILALET PLAIN, MOROCCO |
| Auteur(s): | El Khoumsi Wafae
Ali Hammani
Marcel Kupe
Ahmed Bouaziz |
| Date de publication: | 2019 |
| Référence bibliographique: | 3rd World Irrigation Forum (WIF3), p. 1-10 |
| Résumé: | Oases have always existed in a complex environment characterized by an arid climate.
Despite the severity of the physical conditions, farmers have ensured palm groves
sustainability by practicing irrigation and settling along the rivers and groundwater table.
Currently, oases are threatened. In addition to the constraining space in which the oasis
regions are located, they are under intense pressure on natural resources, both
physical and human. This degradation has been amplified by the succession of drought
periods, desertification, the effect of climate change and above all the overexploitation
of groundwater resources in or near the oases. The preservation of oases requires a
good understanding of the interactions between water and palm, which is the
framework of the oasis agroecosystem. This relationship is generally studied based on
the surface water irrigation. However, the palm is also fed by the groundwater table.
The objective of this paper is to study the interaction between the groundwater table
and the palm plantation as well as the quantification of the direct groundwater uptake
by the root system. This work highlights the importance of groundwater resources in
the conservation and revitalization of the oasis system. The study took place in the
plain of Tafilalet which is one of the largest palm groves in Morocco. The methodology
adopted is based on surveys and field investigations coupled with an experiment. The
results obtained led to the conclusion that groundwater table is the basic resource for
the survival of palm trees in these sub-desertic zones. In less than 40 years, the
thickness of the groundwater table has dropped by 50% and the piezometric levels
have decreased; at the same time, a 50% reduction in the number of the date palm
was observed. However, areas with higher groundwater table levels were the least
affected by the downsizing. Indeed, this invisible resource is not only the main resource
that supplies irrigation water, but it also contributes to the direct feeding of crops,
especially the date palm. The present work also showed that the presence of a
groundwater table strongly affects the development of the root system. Indeed, in a
situation of water stress, the roots of the date palm develop in depth until reaching the
level of the groundwater table to satisfy the water needs. The results of the experiments
show that the date palm is not a major consumer of water, compared with the context
in which it is located, its annual transpiration was estimated at 42m3 and constitutes
49% of the total evapotranspiration. In addition, the groundwater table can contribute
to 50% in this transpiration even for a depth that exceeds 4m. Taking this participation
into account when determining water requirements could reduce water supply and save
up to 50% of irrigation water, which is very scarce and very costly to mobilize in these
environments. The integration of this parameter in the establishment of water balances
would also help to better understanding the dynamics of groundwater resources and
thus to ensure a more rational and controlled management of water |
| Licence: | http://andzoa.ma/fr |
| URI/URL: | http://localhost:8080/dspace/handle/0/3157 |
| Collection(s) : | Fonds Documentaire
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